Thursday, 14 April 2016

Experiment: diffusion of particles in gas,solid and liquid



DIFFUSION

In SPM you need to know

  1. Diffusion is one of the proof of the particle theory of matter
  2. the definition of diffusion
  3. diffusion in solid , liquid and gas
  4. factors that affect the rate of diffusion and the related experiments
                                                                                                                                                  

WHAT IS DIFFUSION?


  1. Diffusion is the process of spreading of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration 
  2. it occurs when the particle of the substance move through the space between the particles of another substance 
  3. figure show below how bromine particles diffuse into the air



  • the Ooccurs in solid , liquid and gas
  • the rate of diffusion is highest in gas and lowest in solid 
  • diffusion is the proof of particle theory of matter
MUST KNOW !!
  • THE RATE OF DIFFUSION IS HIGHEST IN GAS AND LOWEST IN SOLID
  • DIFFUSION IS THE PROOF OF PARTICLE THEORY OF MATTER
DIFFUSION IN SOLID


Observation:

The blue colour of copper(II) sulphate fills up the entire test tube after a few days
  • copper(II) sulphate crystal are made up of copper(II) ions and sulphate ions which are tuny and discrete 
  • the particle in the copper(II) sulphate crystal will separate to become ions and diffuse randomly upwards until the whole gel turns blue
DIFFUSION IN LIQUID 


Observtion: 

The purple colour of potassium manganate(VII) fills up the entire test tube after a few hours
  • diffusion has taken place in the liquid 
  • the rate of diffusion of the particle in water is faster than the diffusion rate of particles in solid
  • the occurrence of diffusion proves that potassium manganate(VII) consist of tiny and discrete particles
DIFFUSION IN GAS


Observation:

The brown colour bromine vapour spreads evenly throughout the gas jar in a few minutes 
  • bromine vapour is made of tiny and discrete molecules that move randomly to fill up space
  • bromine vapour move randomly and diffuse in all direction in air from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration 











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